Braided or woven material placed in single rings in a stuffing box and around the pump drive shaft. It controls leakage from the stuffing box.

A metal device placed around the drive shaft and at the rear of the stuffing box to hold the packing in place while providing enough pressure to control leakage.

Lines in the same plane that are exactly the same distance apart at all points.

The misalignment of the centre-lines of two shafts so that they are not parallel. They are offset either vertical or horizontally.

Plane figures that have four straight sides; the two opposite sides are parallel, i.e., square, rectangle, rhomboid, and rhombus.

The tiny particles of solids or liquid that are in a fluid stream that may cause respiratory problems in humans and atmospheric haze (smog).

A process that involves the controlled heating of the milk to eliminate all pathogenic microorganisms carried in the milk that may transmit diseases to humans.

A process that involves the controlled heating of the milk to eliminate all pathogenic microorganisms carried in the milk that may transmit diseases to humans.

An organization of all the elements arranged in periods and groups that show major properties and similarities.

A ferromagnetic material whose domains have been aligned so that their magnetic poles agree and add together.

The ease with which magnetic material will conduct lines of magnetic flux.

Two lines that intersect to form right angles.

The surfaces are shown in the same way as the eye would perceive them. Lines of an object are drawn in such a way that the parallel lines appear to converge towards one or more vanishing points.

The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance, indicated as a number, i.e.7 = neutral, above 7 = alkaline, below 7 = acidic.

The change from a solid to a liquid and a liquid to a vapour or the reverse.